This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20250312, March 12, 2025), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     "GNU Free Documentation License."

     (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1420
gforth.info-2: 304085
gforth.info-3: 603320
gforth.info-4: 913623

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1420
Node: Goals16837
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118704
Node: Stability Goals18823
Node: Gforth Environment20510
Node: Invoking Gforth21277
Node: Leaving Gforth36426
Node: Help on Gforth36977
Node: Command-line editing37809
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140391
Node: Environment variables40448
Node: Gforth Files42269
Node: Gforth in pipes43116
Node: Startup speed44965
Node: Tutorial46749
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49065
Node: Syntax Tutorial49473
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50369
Node: Stack Tutorial51217
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51895
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-152937
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial53018
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54470
Node: Comments Tutorial56012
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157138
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57205
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58341
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58881
Node: Types Tutorial62085
Node: Factoring Tutorial63903
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65069
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67653
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69071
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70442
Node: General Loops Tutorial73149
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75195
Node: Recursion Tutorial76585
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77602
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78327
Node: Memory Tutorial80193
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83076
Node: Alignment Tutorial84643
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85864
Node: Files Tutorial89443
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92702
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95300
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98422
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100292
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103208
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104590
Node: Literal Tutorial106543
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107432
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109820
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111019
Node: Introduction113818
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter115940
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121130
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121212
Node: Your first definition130372
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1133896
Node: How does that work?134058
Node: Forth is written in Forth143397
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145144
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145232
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145286
Node: Where to go next147182
Node: Exercises148928
Node: Literals in source code149236
Node: Words156609
Node: Notation157465
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163154
Node: Case insensitivity163248
Node: Comments163953
Node: Boolean Flags165246
Node: Arithmetic166098
Node: Single precision166837
Node: Double precision167989
Node: Mixed precision169400
Node: Integer division169677
Node: Two-stage integer division176017
Node: Bitwise operations181792
Node: Numeric comparison185297
Node: Floating Point187816
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1194124
Node: Stack Manipulation194314
Node: Data stack194976
Node: Floating point stack196355
Node: Return stack197165
Node: Locals stack199025
Node: Stack pointer manipulation199319
Node: Memory200506
Node: Memory model200968
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1202209
Node: Dictionary allocation202425
Node: Sections206993
Node: Heap Allocation212439
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation214229
Node: Growable memory buffers215566
Node: Memory Access216842
Node: Special Memory Accesses218714
Node: Address arithmetic223070
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1228883
Node: Memory Blocks228929
Node: Strings and Characters230873
Node: Characters231179
Node: String representations232694
Node: String and character literals234005
Node: String words239536
Node: $tring words245731
Node: Counted string words251987
Node: Control Structures253552
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1254261
Node: Selection254374
Node: Simple Loops257325
Node: Counted Loops258056
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1268947
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits268992
Node: General control structures with CASE271022
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1273972
Node: Arbitrary control structures274110
Node: Calls and returns280454
Node: Exception Handling282565
Node: Defining Words294214
Node: CREATE294931
Node: Variables297140
Node: Constants299267
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1302553
Node: Values304085
Node: Varues305669
Node: Colon Definitions306839
Node: Anonymous Definitions309931
Node: Quotations311558
Node: Supplying names312751
Node: User-defined Defining Words313416
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions314184
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1316762
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE317046
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1321959
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2322026
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications322209
Node: CREATE..DOES> details323614
Node: Advanced does> usage example326166
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.330697
Node: User-defined compile-comma337068
Node: Creating from a prototype341897
Node: Making a word current344329
Node: Const-does>345144
Node: Deferred Words346383
Node: Forward350817
Node: Aliases351576
Node: Structures353237
Node: Standard Structures353988
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields359024
Node: Structure Extension365380
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1367119
Node: Gforth structs367187
Node: User-defined Stacks371325
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics373351
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1376413
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2376483
Node: Combined words376708
Ref: state-smartness379500
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1380631
Node: Tokens for Words380843
Node: Execution token381304
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1385086
Node: Name token385415
Node: Compilation token390117
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1391891
Node: Compiling words392116
Node: Literals392834
Node: Macros396020
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1404560
Node: The Text Interpreter404766
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1410889
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2410986
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3411197
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4411355
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5411395
Node: Input Sources411489
Node: Number Conversion413861
Node: Interpret/Compile states416487
Node: Interpreter Directives417372
Node: Recognizers421651
Node: Default Recognizers422500
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers426247
Node: Defining Recognizers433440
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks433611
Node: The Input Stream434136
Node: Word Lists438321
Node: Vocabularies446359
Node: Why use word lists?447606
Node: Word list example450156
Node: Environmental Queries450857
Node: Files459410
Node: Forth source files459972
Node: General files463293
Node: Redirection467373
Node: Directories469385
Node: Search Paths471954
Node: Source Search Paths473856
Node: General Search Paths474772
Node: Blocks476833
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1486761
Node: Other I/O487160
Node: Simple numeric output487889
Node: Formatted numeric output490142
Node: Floating-point output496796
Node: Miscellaneous output501497
Node: Displaying characters and strings504535
Node: Terminal output505216
Node: Single-key input507730
Node: Line input and conversion514160
Node: Pipes517723
Node: Xchars and Unicode518689
Node: i18n and l10n524631
Node: Substitute527865
Node: CSV reading and writing530157
Node: OS command line arguments531362
Node: Locals533591
Node: Gforth locals534332
Node: Locals definition words539280
Node: Where are locals visible by name?543196
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1550363
Node: How long do locals live?550462
Node: Locals programming style551324
Node: Locals implementation554036
Node: Standard Forth locals560519
Node: Object-oriented Forth562067
Node: Why object-oriented programming?562799
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology564156
Node: Objects566013
Node: Properties of the Objects model567156
Node: Basic Objects Usage568945
Node: The Objects base class571354
Node: Creating objects571844
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style572638
Node: Class Binding573634
Node: Method conveniences575886
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1578042
Node: Classes and Scoping578240
Node: Dividing classes579712
Node: Object Interfaces580964
Node: Objects Implementation582976
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1587835
Node: Objects Glossary587913
Node: OOF594468
Node: Properties of the OOF model595155
Node: Basic OOF Usage596207
Node: The OOF base class598515
Node: Class Declaration603320
Node: Mini-OOF604334
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage604823
Node: Mini-OOF Example606375
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation607922
Node: Mini-OOF2611974
Node: Comparison with other object models613517
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1617191
Node: Closures617349
Node: How do I read outer locals?627047
Node: How do I write outer locals?628248
Node: Regular Expressions632876
Node: Programming Tools639112
Node: Locating source code definitions639850
Node: Locating uses of a word642999
Node: Locating exception source645445
Node: Examining compiled code645745
Node: Examining data651364
Node: Forgetting words653630
Node: Debugging654967
Node: Assertions658057
Node: Singlestep Debugger661456
Node: Code Coverage663797
Node: Multitasker666797
Node: Pthreads667422
Node: Basic multi-tasking668222
Node: Task-local data673116
Node: Semaphores674978
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking676320
Node: Message queues678079
Node: Cilk680018
Node: C Interface682042
Node: Calling C Functions683202
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1685718
Node: Declaring C Functions685930
Node: Calling C function pointers689525
Node: Defining library interfaces691080
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries694048
Node: Callbacks696202
Node: C interface internals697889
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words699233
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG699946
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth702305
Node: Assembler and Code Words702993
Node: Assembler Definitions703684
Node: Common Assembler710862
Node: Common Disassembler713558
Node: 386 Assembler715247
Node: AMD64 Assembler719686
Node: Alpha Assembler726827
Node: MIPS assembler727790
Node: PowerPC assembler731207
Node: ARM Assembler732215
Node: Other assemblers737146
Node: Carnal words738446
Node: Header fields738836
Node: Header methods741858
Node: Threading Words748180
Node: Passing Commands to the OS752904
Node: Keeping track of Time754524
Node: Miscellaneous Words755881
Node: Error messages756473
Node: Tools759706
Node: Standard Report760010
Node: Stack depth changes761909
Node: Standard conformance763887
Node: The Core Words766791
Node: core-idef767151
Node: core-ambcond775532
Node: core-other785120
Node: The optional Block word set786443
Node: block-idef786844
Node: block-ambcond787272
Node: block-other788220
Node: The optional Double Number word set788581
Node: double-ambcond788893
Node: The optional Exception word set789167
Node: exception-idef789484
Node: The optional Facility word set790218
Node: facility-idef790584
Node: facility-ambcond791763
Node: The optional File-Access word set792162
Node: file-idef792539
Node: file-ambcond794924
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set796235
Node: floating-idef796616
Node: floating-ambcond797760
Node: The optional Locals word set800931
Node: locals-idef801302
Node: locals-ambcond801845
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set802344
Node: memory-idef802687
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set803152
Node: programming-idef803556
Node: programming-ambcond804488
Node: The optional Search-Order word set805821
Node: search-idef806167
Node: search-ambcond806545
Node: Standard vs Extensions807311
Node: Model810650
Node: Integrating Gforth810882
Node: Emacs and Gforth814511
Node: Installing gforth.el816405
Node: Emacs Tags817192
Node: Hilighting818101
Node: Auto-Indentation819941
Node: Blocks Files821338
Node: Image Files822720
Node: Image Licensing Issues823507
Node: Image File Background824695
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1828981
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files829097
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files830078
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files830987
Node: gforthmi831861
Node: cross.fs834591
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes835301
Node: Running Image Files836391
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1839322
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence839687
Node: Engine842267
Node: Portability843006
Node: Threading845683
Node: Scheduling846918
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?848716
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions851573
Node: DOES>856356
Node: Primitives857462
Node: Automatic Generation857660
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1861167
Node: TOS Optimization861338
Node: Produced code864039
Node: Performance864458
Node: Cross Compiler869855
Node: Using the Cross Compiler870370
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works875005
Node: MINOS2875186
Node: MINOS2 object framework875377
Node: actor methods875858
Node: widget methods877509
Node: MINOS2 tutorial883848
Node: Bugs884705
Node: Origin885752
Node: Forth-related information888904
Node: Licenses889502
Node: GNU Free Documentation License889788
Node: Copying913623
Node: Word Index951175
Node: Concept Index1117564

End Tag Table


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