This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20250205, February 05, 2025), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1439
gforth.info-2: 302385
gforth.info-3: 602177
gforth.info-4: 914099

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1439
Node: Goals16803
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118670
Node: Stability Goals18789
Node: Gforth Environment20478
Node: Invoking Gforth21247
Node: Leaving Gforth36414
Node: Help on Gforth36971
Node: Command-line editing37829
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140431
Node: Environment variables40490
Node: Gforth Files42333
Node: Gforth in pipes43180
Node: Startup speed45037
Node: Tutorial46821
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49139
Node: Syntax Tutorial49547
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50445
Node: Stack Tutorial51299
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51977
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-153019
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial53100
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54552
Node: Comments Tutorial56094
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157220
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57289
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58427
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58967
Node: Types Tutorial62173
Node: Factoring Tutorial63993
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65165
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67753
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69171
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70544
Node: General Loops Tutorial73251
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75301
Node: Recursion Tutorial76693
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77710
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78435
Node: Memory Tutorial80303
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83192
Node: Alignment Tutorial84759
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85980
Node: Files Tutorial89559
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92826
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95424
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98547
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100417
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103333
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104717
Node: Literal Tutorial106670
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107561
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109951
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111150
Node: Introduction113951
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter116079
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121299
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121383
Node: Your first definition130603
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134157
Node: How does that work?134321
Node: Forth is written in Forth143686
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145433
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145523
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145577
Node: Where to go next147473
Node: Exercises149225
Node: Literals in source code149533
Node: Words156918
Node: Notation157761
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163456
Node: Case insensitivity163550
Node: Comments164255
Node: Boolean Flags165586
Node: Arithmetic166476
Node: Single precision167215
Node: Double precision168443
Node: Mixed precision169906
Node: Integer division170201
Node: Two-stage integer division176769
Node: Bitwise operations182648
Node: Numeric comparison186383
Node: Floating Point189100
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195822
Node: Stack Manipulation196014
Node: Data stack196684
Node: Floating point stack198191
Node: Return stack199075
Node: Locals stack201015
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201309
Node: Memory202579
Node: Memory model203041
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204282
Node: Dictionary allocation204498
Node: Sections209206
Node: Heap Allocation214698
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation216508
Node: Growable memory buffers217863
Node: Memory Access219157
Node: Special Memory Accesses220709
Node: Address arithmetic225261
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1231348
Node: Memory Blocks231394
Node: Strings and Characters233380
Node: Characters233686
Node: String representations235207
Node: String and character literals236522
Node: String words242161
Node: $tring words248516
Node: Counted string words255141
Node: Control Structures256732
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1257441
Node: Selection257554
Node: Simple Loops260509
Node: Counted Loops261240
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1272333
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits272378
Node: General control structures with CASE274408
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1277362
Node: Arbitrary control structures277500
Node: Calls and returns284036
Node: Exception Handling286189
Node: Defining Words298006
Node: CREATE298723
Node: Variables302385
Node: Constants304546
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1307866
Node: Values307982
Node: Varues309620
Node: Colon Definitions310836
Node: Anonymous Definitions313958
Node: Quotations315605
Node: Supplying names316820
Node: User-defined Defining Words317491
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions318259
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1320845
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE321129
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1326048
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2326115
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications326300
Node: CREATE..DOES> details327705
Node: Advanced does> usage example330281
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.334818
Node: User-defined compile-comma341243
Node: Creating from a prototype346098
Node: Making a word current348564
Node: Const-does>349397
Node: Deferred Words350644
Node: Forward355160
Node: Aliases355939
Node: Structures357616
Node: Standard Structures358367
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields363489
Node: Structure Extension369943
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1371692
Node: Gforth structs371760
Node: User-defined Stacks375994
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics378080
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1381164
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2381238
Node: Combined words381463
Ref: state-smartness384291
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1385424
Node: Tokens for Words385639
Node: Execution token386100
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1389932
Node: Name token390261
Node: Compilation token395071
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1396871
Node: Compiling words397096
Node: Literals397814
Node: Macros401062
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1409644
Node: The Text Interpreter409850
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1416045
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2416142
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3416353
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4416511
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5416551
Node: Input Sources416645
Node: Number Conversion419057
Node: Interpret/Compile states421725
Node: Interpreter Directives422610
Node: Recognizers427031
Node: Default Recognizers427880
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers431635
Node: Defining Recognizers439036
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks439207
Node: The Input Stream439754
Node: Word Lists443997
Node: Vocabularies452253
Node: Why use word lists?453500
Node: Word list example456056
Node: Environmental Queries456757
Node: Files465494
Node: Forth source files466058
Node: General files469451
Node: Redirection473711
Node: Directories475753
Node: Search Paths478397
Node: Source Search Paths480311
Node: General Search Paths481249
Node: Blocks483358
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1493440
Node: Other I/O493839
Node: Simple numeric output494568
Node: Formatted numeric output496905
Node: Floating-point output503623
Node: Miscellaneous output508384
Node: Displaying characters and strings511490
Node: Terminal output512195
Node: Single-key input514873
Node: Line input and conversion521631
Node: Pipes525264
Node: Xchars and Unicode526250
Node: i18n and l10n532297
Node: Substitute535609
Node: CSV reading and writing537953
Node: OS command line arguments539190
Node: Locals541455
Node: Gforth locals542198
Node: Locals definition words547175
Node: Where are locals visible by name?551295
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1558496
Node: How long do locals live?558595
Node: Locals programming style559457
Node: Locals implementation562169
Node: Closures568739
Node: Standard Forth locals573287
Node: Object-oriented Forth574845
Node: Why object-oriented programming?575588
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology576951
Node: Objects578810
Node: Properties of the Objects model579955
Node: Basic Objects Usage581746
Node: The Objects base class584155
Node: Creating objects584645
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style585447
Node: Class Binding586443
Node: Method conveniences588697
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1590853
Node: Classes and Scoping591051
Node: Dividing classes592523
Node: Object Interfaces593777
Node: Objects Implementation595793
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1600660
Node: Objects Glossary602177
Node: OOF609024
Node: Properties of the OOF model609711
Node: Basic OOF Usage610767
Node: The OOF base class613077
Node: Class Declaration616600
Node: Mini-OOF617668
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage618159
Node: Mini-OOF Example619763
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation621310
Node: Mini-OOF2625374
Node: Comparison with other object models626941
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1630619
Node: Regular Expressions630777
Node: Programming Tools637352
Node: Locating source code definitions638090
Node: Locating uses of a word641335
Node: Locating exception source643893
Node: Examining compiled code644223
Node: Examining data649900
Node: Forgetting words652250
Node: Debugging653597
Node: Assertions656837
Node: Singlestep Debugger660280
Node: Code Coverage662651
Node: Multitasker665751
Node: Pthreads666376
Node: Basic multi-tasking667176
Node: Task-local data672202
Node: Semaphores674136
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking675504
Node: Message queues677034
Node: Cilk678995
Node: C Interface681069
Node: Calling C Functions682233
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1684749
Node: Declaring C Functions684961
Node: Calling C function pointers688592
Node: Defining library interfaces690158
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries693166
Node: Callbacks695380
Node: C interface internals697089
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words698433
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG699170
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth701539
Node: Assembler and Code Words702229
Node: Assembler Definitions702920
Node: Common Assembler710162
Node: Common Disassembler712860
Node: 386 Assembler714555
Node: AMD64 Assembler719006
Node: Alpha Assembler726161
Node: MIPS assembler727126
Node: PowerPC assembler730551
Node: ARM Assembler731563
Node: Other assemblers736502
Node: Carnal words737804
Node: Header fields738198
Node: Header methods741230
Node: Threading Words747630
Node: Passing Commands to the OS752454
Node: Keeping track of Time754112
Node: Miscellaneous Words755523
Node: Error messages756121
Node: Tools759356
Node: Standard Report759660
Node: Stack depth changes761559
Node: Standard conformance763537
Node: The Core Words766441
Node: core-idef766801
Node: core-ambcond775192
Node: core-other784782
Node: The optional Block word set786109
Node: block-idef786510
Node: block-ambcond786938
Node: block-other787886
Node: The optional Double Number word set788247
Node: double-ambcond788559
Node: The optional Exception word set788833
Node: exception-idef789150
Node: The optional Facility word set789884
Node: facility-idef790250
Node: facility-ambcond791429
Node: The optional File-Access word set791830
Node: file-idef792207
Node: file-ambcond794594
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set795905
Node: floating-idef796286
Node: floating-ambcond797430
Node: The optional Locals word set800601
Node: locals-idef800972
Node: locals-ambcond801515
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set802018
Node: memory-idef802361
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set802826
Node: programming-idef803230
Node: programming-ambcond804162
Node: The optional Search-Order word set805497
Node: search-idef805843
Node: search-ambcond806221
Node: Standard vs Extensions806987
Node: Model810334
Node: Integrating Gforth810566
Node: Emacs and Gforth814199
Node: Installing gforth.el816095
Node: Emacs Tags816882
Node: Hilighting817791
Node: Auto-Indentation819663
Node: Blocks Files821080
Node: Image Files822472
Node: Image Licensing Issues823261
Node: Image File Background824451
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1828743
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files828859
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files829850
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files830759
Node: gforthmi831633
Node: cross.fs834363
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes835073
Node: Running Image Files836163
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1839104
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence839475
Node: Engine842075
Node: Portability842820
Node: Threading845499
Node: Scheduling846738
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?848540
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions851397
Node: DOES>856180
Node: Primitives857286
Node: Automatic Generation857484
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1860991
Node: TOS Optimization861162
Node: Produced code863863
Node: Performance864282
Node: Cross Compiler869684
Node: Using the Cross Compiler870199
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works874844
Node: MINOS2875025
Node: MINOS2 object framework875216
Node: actor methods875711
Node: widget methods877476
Node: MINOS2 tutorial884135
Node: Bugs884992
Node: Origin886039
Node: Forth-related information889195
Node: Licenses889793
Node: GNU Free Documentation License890079
Node: Copying914099
Node: Word Index951854
Node: Concept Index1116612

End Tag Table


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