This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20250129, January 29, 2025), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1438
gforth.info-2: 302382
gforth.info-3: 602173
gforth.info-4: 914094

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1438
Node: Goals16801
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118668
Node: Stability Goals18787
Node: Gforth Environment20476
Node: Invoking Gforth21245
Node: Leaving Gforth36412
Node: Help on Gforth36969
Node: Command-line editing37827
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140429
Node: Environment variables40488
Node: Gforth Files42331
Node: Gforth in pipes43178
Node: Startup speed45035
Node: Tutorial46819
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49137
Node: Syntax Tutorial49545
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50443
Node: Stack Tutorial51297
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51975
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-153017
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial53098
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54550
Node: Comments Tutorial56092
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157218
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57287
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58425
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58965
Node: Types Tutorial62171
Node: Factoring Tutorial63991
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65163
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67751
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69169
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70542
Node: General Loops Tutorial73249
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75299
Node: Recursion Tutorial76691
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77708
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78433
Node: Memory Tutorial80301
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83190
Node: Alignment Tutorial84757
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85978
Node: Files Tutorial89557
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92824
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95422
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98545
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100415
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103331
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104715
Node: Literal Tutorial106668
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107559
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109949
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111148
Node: Introduction113949
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter116077
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121297
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121381
Node: Your first definition130601
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134155
Node: How does that work?134319
Node: Forth is written in Forth143684
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145431
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145521
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145575
Node: Where to go next147471
Node: Exercises149223
Node: Literals in source code149531
Node: Words156916
Node: Notation157759
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163454
Node: Case insensitivity163548
Node: Comments164253
Node: Boolean Flags165584
Node: Arithmetic166474
Node: Single precision167213
Node: Double precision168441
Node: Mixed precision169904
Node: Integer division170199
Node: Two-stage integer division176767
Node: Bitwise operations182646
Node: Numeric comparison186381
Node: Floating Point189098
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195820
Node: Stack Manipulation196012
Node: Data stack196682
Node: Floating point stack198189
Node: Return stack199073
Node: Locals stack201013
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201307
Node: Memory202577
Node: Memory model203039
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204280
Node: Dictionary allocation204496
Node: Sections209204
Node: Heap Allocation214696
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation216506
Node: Growable memory buffers217861
Node: Memory Access219155
Node: Special Memory Accesses220707
Node: Address arithmetic225259
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1231346
Node: Memory Blocks231392
Node: Strings and Characters233378
Node: Characters233684
Node: String representations235205
Node: String and character literals236520
Node: String words242159
Node: $tring words248514
Node: Counted string words255139
Node: Control Structures256730
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1257439
Node: Selection257552
Node: Simple Loops260507
Node: Counted Loops261238
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1272331
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits272376
Node: General control structures with CASE274406
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1277360
Node: Arbitrary control structures277498
Node: Calls and returns284034
Node: Exception Handling286187
Node: Defining Words298004
Node: CREATE298721
Node: Variables302382
Node: Constants304543
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1307863
Node: Values307979
Node: Varues309617
Node: Colon Definitions310833
Node: Anonymous Definitions313955
Node: Quotations315602
Node: Supplying names316817
Node: User-defined Defining Words317488
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions318256
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1320842
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE321126
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1326045
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2326112
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications326297
Node: CREATE..DOES> details327702
Node: Advanced does> usage example330278
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.334815
Node: User-defined compile-comma341240
Node: Creating from a prototype346095
Node: Making a word current348561
Node: Const-does>349394
Node: Deferred Words350641
Node: Forward355157
Node: Aliases355936
Node: Structures357613
Node: Standard Structures358364
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields363486
Node: Structure Extension369940
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1371689
Node: Gforth structs371757
Node: User-defined Stacks375991
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics378077
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1381161
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2381235
Node: Combined words381460
Ref: state-smartness384288
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1385421
Node: Tokens for Words385636
Node: Execution token386097
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1389929
Node: Name token390258
Node: Compilation token395068
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1396868
Node: Compiling words397093
Node: Literals397811
Node: Macros401059
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1409641
Node: The Text Interpreter409847
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1416042
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2416139
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3416350
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4416508
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5416548
Node: Input Sources416642
Node: Number Conversion419054
Node: Interpret/Compile states421722
Node: Interpreter Directives422607
Node: Recognizers427028
Node: Default Recognizers427877
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers431632
Node: Defining Recognizers439033
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks439204
Node: The Input Stream439751
Node: Word Lists443994
Node: Vocabularies452250
Node: Why use word lists?453497
Node: Word list example456053
Node: Environmental Queries456754
Node: Files465491
Node: Forth source files466055
Node: General files469448
Node: Redirection473708
Node: Directories475750
Node: Search Paths478394
Node: Source Search Paths480308
Node: General Search Paths481246
Node: Blocks483355
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1493437
Node: Other I/O493836
Node: Simple numeric output494565
Node: Formatted numeric output496902
Node: Floating-point output503620
Node: Miscellaneous output508381
Node: Displaying characters and strings511487
Node: Terminal output512192
Node: Single-key input514870
Node: Line input and conversion521628
Node: Pipes525261
Node: Xchars and Unicode526247
Node: i18n and l10n532294
Node: Substitute535606
Node: CSV reading and writing537950
Node: OS command line arguments539187
Node: Locals541452
Node: Gforth locals542195
Node: Locals definition words547172
Node: Where are locals visible by name?551292
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1558493
Node: How long do locals live?558592
Node: Locals programming style559454
Node: Locals implementation562166
Node: Closures568736
Node: Standard Forth locals573284
Node: Object-oriented Forth574842
Node: Why object-oriented programming?575585
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology576948
Node: Objects578807
Node: Properties of the Objects model579952
Node: Basic Objects Usage581743
Node: The Objects base class584152
Node: Creating objects584642
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style585444
Node: Class Binding586440
Node: Method conveniences588694
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1590850
Node: Classes and Scoping591048
Node: Dividing classes592520
Node: Object Interfaces593774
Node: Objects Implementation595790
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1600657
Node: Objects Glossary602173
Node: OOF609020
Node: Properties of the OOF model609707
Node: Basic OOF Usage610763
Node: The OOF base class613073
Node: Class Declaration616596
Node: Mini-OOF617664
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage618155
Node: Mini-OOF Example619759
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation621306
Node: Mini-OOF2625370
Node: Comparison with other object models626937
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1630615
Node: Regular Expressions630773
Node: Programming Tools637348
Node: Locating source code definitions638086
Node: Locating uses of a word641331
Node: Locating exception source643889
Node: Examining compiled code644219
Node: Examining data649896
Node: Forgetting words652246
Node: Debugging653593
Node: Assertions656833
Node: Singlestep Debugger660276
Node: Code Coverage662647
Node: Multitasker665747
Node: Pthreads666372
Node: Basic multi-tasking667172
Node: Task-local data672198
Node: Semaphores674132
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking675500
Node: Message queues677030
Node: Cilk678991
Node: C Interface681065
Node: Calling C Functions682229
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1684745
Node: Declaring C Functions684957
Node: Calling C function pointers688588
Node: Defining library interfaces690154
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries693162
Node: Callbacks695376
Node: C interface internals697085
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words698429
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG699166
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth701535
Node: Assembler and Code Words702225
Node: Assembler Definitions702916
Node: Common Assembler710158
Node: Common Disassembler712856
Node: 386 Assembler714551
Node: AMD64 Assembler719002
Node: Alpha Assembler726157
Node: MIPS assembler727122
Node: PowerPC assembler730547
Node: ARM Assembler731559
Node: Other assemblers736498
Node: Carnal words737800
Node: Header fields738194
Node: Header methods741226
Node: Threading Words747626
Node: Passing Commands to the OS752450
Node: Keeping track of Time754108
Node: Miscellaneous Words755519
Node: Error messages756117
Node: Tools759352
Node: Standard Report759656
Node: Stack depth changes761555
Node: Standard conformance763533
Node: The Core Words766437
Node: core-idef766797
Node: core-ambcond775188
Node: core-other784778
Node: The optional Block word set786105
Node: block-idef786506
Node: block-ambcond786934
Node: block-other787882
Node: The optional Double Number word set788243
Node: double-ambcond788555
Node: The optional Exception word set788829
Node: exception-idef789146
Node: The optional Facility word set789880
Node: facility-idef790246
Node: facility-ambcond791425
Node: The optional File-Access word set791826
Node: file-idef792203
Node: file-ambcond794590
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set795901
Node: floating-idef796282
Node: floating-ambcond797426
Node: The optional Locals word set800597
Node: locals-idef800968
Node: locals-ambcond801511
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set802014
Node: memory-idef802357
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set802822
Node: programming-idef803226
Node: programming-ambcond804158
Node: The optional Search-Order word set805493
Node: search-idef805839
Node: search-ambcond806217
Node: Standard vs Extensions806983
Node: Model810330
Node: Integrating Gforth810562
Node: Emacs and Gforth814195
Node: Installing gforth.el816091
Node: Emacs Tags816878
Node: Hilighting817787
Node: Auto-Indentation819659
Node: Blocks Files821076
Node: Image Files822468
Node: Image Licensing Issues823257
Node: Image File Background824447
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1828739
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files828855
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files829846
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files830755
Node: gforthmi831629
Node: cross.fs834359
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes835069
Node: Running Image Files836159
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1839100
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence839471
Node: Engine842071
Node: Portability842816
Node: Threading845495
Node: Scheduling846734
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?848536
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions851393
Node: DOES>856176
Node: Primitives857282
Node: Automatic Generation857480
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1860987
Node: TOS Optimization861158
Node: Produced code863859
Node: Performance864278
Node: Cross Compiler869680
Node: Using the Cross Compiler870195
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works874840
Node: MINOS2875021
Node: MINOS2 object framework875212
Node: actor methods875707
Node: widget methods877472
Node: MINOS2 tutorial884131
Node: Bugs884988
Node: Origin886035
Node: Forth-related information889191
Node: Licenses889789
Node: GNU Free Documentation License890075
Node: Copying914094
Node: Word Index951849
Node: Concept Index1116607

End Tag Table


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