This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20241218, December 18, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1439
gforth.info-2: 302252
gforth.info-3: 601947
gforth.info-4: 913563

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1439
Node: Goals16803
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118670
Node: Stability Goals18789
Node: Gforth Environment20478
Node: Invoking Gforth21247
Node: Leaving Gforth36414
Node: Help on Gforth36971
Node: Command-line editing37829
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140431
Node: Environment variables40490
Node: Gforth Files42333
Node: Gforth in pipes43180
Node: Startup speed45037
Node: Tutorial46821
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49139
Node: Syntax Tutorial49547
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50445
Node: Stack Tutorial51299
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51977
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-153019
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial53100
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54552
Node: Comments Tutorial56094
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157220
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57289
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58427
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58967
Node: Types Tutorial62173
Node: Factoring Tutorial63993
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65165
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67753
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69171
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70544
Node: General Loops Tutorial73251
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75301
Node: Recursion Tutorial76693
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77710
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78435
Node: Memory Tutorial80303
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83192
Node: Alignment Tutorial84759
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85980
Node: Files Tutorial89559
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92826
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95424
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98547
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100417
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103333
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104717
Node: Literal Tutorial106670
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107561
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109951
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111150
Node: Introduction113951
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter116079
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121299
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121383
Node: Your first definition130603
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134157
Node: How does that work?134321
Node: Forth is written in Forth143686
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145433
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145523
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145577
Node: Where to go next147473
Node: Exercises149225
Node: Literals in source code149533
Node: Words156918
Node: Notation157761
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163456
Node: Case insensitivity163550
Node: Comments164255
Node: Boolean Flags165586
Node: Arithmetic166476
Node: Single precision167215
Node: Double precision168443
Node: Mixed precision169906
Node: Integer division170201
Node: Two-stage integer division176769
Node: Bitwise operations182648
Node: Numeric comparison186383
Node: Floating Point189100
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195822
Node: Stack Manipulation196014
Node: Data stack196684
Node: Floating point stack198191
Node: Return stack199075
Node: Locals stack201015
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201309
Node: Memory202579
Node: Memory model203041
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204282
Node: Dictionary allocation204498
Node: Sections209206
Node: Heap Allocation214565
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation216375
Node: Growable memory buffers217730
Node: Memory Access219024
Node: Special Memory Accesses220576
Node: Address arithmetic225128
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1231215
Node: Memory Blocks231261
Node: Strings and Characters233247
Node: Characters233553
Node: String representations235074
Node: String and character literals236389
Node: String words242028
Node: $tring words248383
Node: Counted string words255008
Node: Control Structures256599
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1257308
Node: Selection257421
Node: Simple Loops260376
Node: Counted Loops261107
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1272200
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits272245
Node: General control structures with CASE274275
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1277229
Node: Arbitrary control structures277367
Node: Calls and returns283903
Node: Exception Handling286056
Node: Defining Words297873
Node: CREATE298590
Node: Variables302252
Node: Constants304413
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1307733
Node: Values307849
Node: Varues309487
Node: Colon Definitions310703
Node: Anonymous Definitions313825
Node: Quotations315472
Node: Supplying names316687
Node: User-defined Defining Words317358
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions318126
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1320712
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE320996
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1325915
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2325982
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications326167
Node: CREATE..DOES> details327572
Node: Advanced does> usage example330148
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.334685
Node: User-defined compile-comma341110
Node: Creating from a prototype345965
Node: Making a word current348431
Node: Const-does>349264
Node: Deferred Words350511
Node: Forward354896
Node: Aliases355675
Node: Structures357352
Node: Standard Structures358103
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields363225
Node: Structure Extension369679
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1371428
Node: Gforth structs371496
Node: User-defined Stacks375730
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics377816
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1380900
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2380974
Node: Combined words381199
Ref: state-smartness384027
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1385160
Node: Tokens for Words385375
Node: Execution token385836
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1389668
Node: Name token389997
Node: Compilation token394807
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1396607
Node: Compiling words396832
Node: Literals397550
Node: Macros400798
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1409380
Node: The Text Interpreter409586
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1415781
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2415878
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3416089
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4416247
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5416287
Node: Input Sources416381
Node: Number Conversion418793
Node: Interpret/Compile states421461
Node: Interpreter Directives422346
Node: Recognizers426767
Node: Default Recognizers427616
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers431371
Node: Defining Recognizers438772
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks438943
Node: The Input Stream439490
Node: Word Lists443733
Node: Vocabularies451989
Node: Why use word lists?453236
Node: Word list example455792
Node: Environmental Queries456493
Node: Files465230
Node: Forth source files465794
Node: General files469187
Node: Redirection473447
Node: Directories475489
Node: Search Paths478133
Node: Source Search Paths480047
Node: General Search Paths480985
Node: Blocks483094
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1493176
Node: Other I/O493575
Node: Simple numeric output494304
Node: Formatted numeric output496641
Node: Floating-point output503359
Node: Miscellaneous output508120
Node: Displaying characters and strings511226
Node: Terminal output511931
Node: Single-key input514609
Node: Line input and conversion521401
Node: Pipes525034
Node: Xchars and Unicode526020
Node: i18n and l10n532067
Node: Substitute535379
Node: CSV reading and writing537723
Node: OS command line arguments538960
Node: Locals541225
Node: Gforth locals541968
Node: Locals definition words546945
Node: Where are locals visible by name?551065
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1558266
Node: How long do locals live?558365
Node: Locals programming style559227
Node: Locals implementation561939
Node: Closures568509
Node: Standard Forth locals573057
Node: Object-oriented Forth574615
Node: Why object-oriented programming?575358
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology576721
Node: Objects578580
Node: Properties of the Objects model579725
Node: Basic Objects Usage581516
Node: The Objects base class583925
Node: Creating objects584415
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style585217
Node: Class Binding586213
Node: Method conveniences588467
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1590623
Node: Classes and Scoping590821
Node: Dividing classes592293
Node: Object Interfaces593547
Node: Objects Implementation595563
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1600430
Node: Objects Glossary601947
Node: OOF608794
Node: Properties of the OOF model609481
Node: Basic OOF Usage610537
Node: The OOF base class612847
Node: Class Declaration616370
Node: Mini-OOF617438
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage617929
Node: Mini-OOF Example619533
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation621080
Node: Mini-OOF2625144
Node: Comparison with other object models626405
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1630083
Node: Regular Expressions630241
Node: Programming Tools636816
Node: Locating source code definitions637554
Node: Locating uses of a word640799
Node: Locating exception source643357
Node: Examining compiled code643687
Node: Examining data649364
Node: Forgetting words651714
Node: Debugging653061
Node: Assertions656301
Node: Singlestep Debugger659744
Node: Code Coverage662115
Node: Multitasker665215
Node: Pthreads665840
Node: Basic multi-tasking666640
Node: Task-local data671666
Node: Semaphores673600
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking674968
Node: Message queues676498
Node: Cilk678459
Node: C Interface680533
Node: Calling C Functions681697
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1684213
Node: Declaring C Functions684425
Node: Calling C function pointers688056
Node: Defining library interfaces689622
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries692630
Node: Callbacks694844
Node: C interface internals696553
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words697897
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG698634
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth701003
Node: Assembler and Code Words701693
Node: Assembler Definitions702384
Node: Common Assembler709626
Node: Common Disassembler712324
Node: 386 Assembler714019
Node: AMD64 Assembler718470
Node: Alpha Assembler725625
Node: MIPS assembler726590
Node: PowerPC assembler730015
Node: ARM Assembler731027
Node: Other assemblers735966
Node: Carnal words737268
Node: Header fields737662
Node: Header methods740694
Node: Threading Words747094
Node: Passing Commands to the OS751918
Node: Keeping track of Time753576
Node: Miscellaneous Words754987
Node: Error messages755585
Node: Tools758820
Node: Standard Report759124
Node: Stack depth changes761023
Node: Standard conformance763001
Node: The Core Words765905
Node: core-idef766265
Node: core-ambcond774656
Node: core-other784246
Node: The optional Block word set785573
Node: block-idef785974
Node: block-ambcond786402
Node: block-other787350
Node: The optional Double Number word set787711
Node: double-ambcond788023
Node: The optional Exception word set788297
Node: exception-idef788614
Node: The optional Facility word set789348
Node: facility-idef789714
Node: facility-ambcond790893
Node: The optional File-Access word set791294
Node: file-idef791671
Node: file-ambcond794058
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set795369
Node: floating-idef795750
Node: floating-ambcond796894
Node: The optional Locals word set800065
Node: locals-idef800436
Node: locals-ambcond800979
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set801482
Node: memory-idef801825
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set802290
Node: programming-idef802694
Node: programming-ambcond803626
Node: The optional Search-Order word set804961
Node: search-idef805307
Node: search-ambcond805685
Node: Standard vs Extensions806451
Node: Model809798
Node: Integrating Gforth810030
Node: Emacs and Gforth813663
Node: Installing gforth.el815559
Node: Emacs Tags816346
Node: Hilighting817255
Node: Auto-Indentation819127
Node: Blocks Files820544
Node: Image Files821936
Node: Image Licensing Issues822725
Node: Image File Background823915
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1828207
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files828323
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files829314
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files830223
Node: gforthmi831097
Node: cross.fs833827
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes834537
Node: Running Image Files835627
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1838568
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence838939
Node: Engine841539
Node: Portability842284
Node: Threading844963
Node: Scheduling846202
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?848004
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions850861
Node: DOES>855644
Node: Primitives856750
Node: Automatic Generation856948
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1860455
Node: TOS Optimization860626
Node: Produced code863327
Node: Performance863746
Node: Cross Compiler869148
Node: Using the Cross Compiler869663
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works874308
Node: MINOS2874489
Node: MINOS2 object framework874680
Node: actor methods875175
Node: widget methods876940
Node: MINOS2 tutorial883599
Node: Bugs884456
Node: Origin885503
Node: Forth-related information888659
Node: Licenses889257
Node: GNU Free Documentation License889543
Node: Copying913563
Node: Word Index951318
Node: Concept Index1115930

End Tag Table


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