This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20241204, December 04, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1439
gforth.info-2: 302452
gforth.info-3: 602998
gforth.info-4: 907651

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1439
Node: Goals16790
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118657
Node: Stability Goals18776
Node: Gforth Environment20465
Node: Invoking Gforth21234
Node: Leaving Gforth36401
Node: Help on Gforth36958
Node: Command-line editing37816
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140418
Node: Environment variables40477
Node: Gforth Files42320
Node: Gforth in pipes43167
Node: Startup speed45024
Node: Tutorial46808
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49126
Node: Syntax Tutorial49534
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50432
Node: Stack Tutorial51286
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51964
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-153006
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial53087
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54539
Node: Comments Tutorial56081
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157207
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57276
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58414
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58954
Node: Types Tutorial62160
Node: Factoring Tutorial63980
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65152
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67740
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69158
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70531
Node: General Loops Tutorial73238
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75288
Node: Recursion Tutorial76680
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77697
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78422
Node: Memory Tutorial80290
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83179
Node: Alignment Tutorial84746
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85967
Node: Files Tutorial89546
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92813
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95411
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98534
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100404
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103320
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104704
Node: Literal Tutorial106657
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107548
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109938
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111137
Node: Introduction113938
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter116066
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121286
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121370
Node: Your first definition130590
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134144
Node: How does that work?134308
Node: Forth is written in Forth143673
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145420
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145510
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145564
Node: Where to go next147460
Node: Exercises149212
Node: Literals in source code149520
Node: Words156905
Node: Notation157748
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163443
Node: Case insensitivity163537
Node: Comments164242
Node: Boolean Flags165573
Node: Arithmetic166463
Node: Single precision167202
Node: Double precision168430
Node: Mixed precision169893
Node: Integer division170188
Node: Two-stage integer division176756
Node: Bitwise operations182635
Node: Numeric comparison186370
Node: Floating Point189087
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195809
Node: Stack Manipulation196001
Node: Data stack196671
Node: Floating point stack198178
Node: Return stack199062
Node: Locals stack201002
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201296
Node: Memory202566
Node: Memory model203015
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204256
Node: Dictionary allocation204472
Node: Heap Allocation209187
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation211010
Node: Growable memory buffers212333
Node: Memory Access213627
Node: Special Memory Accesses215179
Node: Address arithmetic219731
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1225818
Node: Memory Blocks225864
Node: Strings and Characters227850
Node: Characters228156
Node: String representations229677
Node: String and character literals230992
Node: String words236631
Node: $tring words242986
Node: Counted string words249611
Node: Control Structures251202
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1251911
Node: Selection252024
Node: Simple Loops254979
Node: Counted Loops255710
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1266803
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits266848
Node: General control structures with CASE268878
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1271832
Node: Arbitrary control structures271970
Node: Calls and returns278506
Node: Exception Handling280659
Node: Defining Words292476
Node: CREATE293193
Node: Variables295416
Node: Constants297577
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1300897
Node: Values302452
Node: Varues303864
Node: Colon Definitions304961
Node: Anonymous Definitions308083
Node: Quotations309730
Node: Supplying names310945
Node: User-defined Defining Words311616
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions312384
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1314970
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE315254
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1320173
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2320240
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications320425
Node: CREATE..DOES> details321830
Node: Advanced does> usage example324406
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.328943
Node: User-defined compile-comma335280
Node: Creating from a prototype340135
Node: Making a word current342576
Node: Const-does>343409
Node: Deferred Words344656
Node: Forward349041
Node: Aliases349820
Node: Structures351497
Node: Standard Structures352248
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields357370
Node: Structure Extension363824
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1365573
Node: Gforth structs365641
Node: User-defined Stacks369875
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics371961
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1375045
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2375119
Node: Combined words375344
Ref: state-smartness378172
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1379305
Node: Tokens for Words379520
Node: Execution token379981
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1383813
Node: Name token384142
Node: Compilation token388952
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1390752
Node: Compiling words390977
Node: Literals391695
Node: Macros394943
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1403525
Node: The Text Interpreter403731
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1409926
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2410023
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3410234
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4410392
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5410432
Node: Input Sources410526
Node: Number Conversion412938
Node: Interpret/Compile states415606
Node: Interpreter Directives416491
Node: Recognizers420912
Node: Default Recognizers421761
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers425516
Node: Defining Recognizers432917
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks433088
Node: The Input Stream433635
Node: Word Lists437878
Node: Vocabularies446134
Node: Why use word lists?447381
Node: Word list example449937
Node: Environmental Queries450638
Node: Files459375
Node: Forth source files459939
Node: General files463332
Node: Redirection467592
Node: Directories469634
Node: Search Paths472278
Node: Source Search Paths474192
Node: General Search Paths475130
Node: Blocks477239
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1487321
Node: Other I/O487720
Node: Simple numeric output488449
Node: Formatted numeric output490786
Node: Floating-point output497504
Node: Miscellaneous output502265
Node: Displaying characters and strings505371
Node: Terminal output506076
Node: Single-key input508754
Node: Line input and conversion515546
Node: Pipes519179
Node: Xchars and Unicode520165
Node: i18n and l10n526212
Node: Substitute529524
Node: CSV reading and writing531868
Node: OS command line arguments533105
Node: Locals535370
Node: Gforth locals536113
Node: Locals definition words541090
Node: Where are locals visible by name?545210
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1552411
Node: How long do locals live?552510
Node: Locals programming style553372
Node: Locals implementation556084
Node: Closures562654
Node: Standard Forth locals567261
Node: Object-oriented Forth568819
Node: Why object-oriented programming?569562
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology570925
Node: Objects572784
Node: Properties of the Objects model573929
Node: Basic Objects Usage575720
Node: The Objects base class578129
Node: Creating objects578619
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style579421
Node: Class Binding580417
Node: Method conveniences582671
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1584827
Node: Classes and Scoping585025
Node: Dividing classes586497
Node: Object Interfaces587751
Node: Objects Implementation589767
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1594634
Node: Objects Glossary594712
Node: OOF602998
Node: Properties of the OOF model603685
Node: Basic OOF Usage604741
Node: The OOF base class607051
Node: Class Declaration610574
Node: Mini-OOF611642
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage612133
Node: Mini-OOF Example613737
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation615284
Node: Mini-OOF2619348
Node: Comparison with other object models620609
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1624287
Node: Regular Expressions624445
Node: Programming Tools631020
Node: Locating source code definitions631758
Node: Locating uses of a word635003
Node: Locating exception source637561
Node: Examining compiled code637891
Node: Examining data643568
Node: Forgetting words645918
Node: Debugging647265
Node: Assertions650505
Node: Singlestep Debugger653948
Node: Code Coverage656319
Node: Multitasker659419
Node: Pthreads660044
Node: Basic multi-tasking660844
Node: Task-local data665870
Node: Semaphores667688
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking669056
Node: Message queues670586
Node: Cilk672547
Node: C Interface674621
Node: Calling C Functions675785
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1678301
Node: Declaring C Functions678513
Node: Calling C function pointers682144
Node: Defining library interfaces683710
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries686718
Node: Callbacks688932
Node: C interface internals690641
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words691985
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG692722
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth695091
Node: Assembler and Code Words695781
Node: Assembler Definitions696472
Node: Common Assembler703714
Node: Common Disassembler706412
Node: 386 Assembler708107
Node: AMD64 Assembler712558
Node: Alpha Assembler719713
Node: MIPS assembler720678
Node: PowerPC assembler724103
Node: ARM Assembler725115
Node: Other assemblers730054
Node: Carnal words731356
Node: Header fields731750
Node: Header methods734782
Node: Threading Words741182
Node: Passing Commands to the OS746006
Node: Keeping track of Time747664
Node: Miscellaneous Words749075
Node: Error messages749673
Node: Tools752908
Node: Standard Report753212
Node: Stack depth changes755111
Node: Standard conformance757089
Node: The Core Words759993
Node: core-idef760353
Node: core-ambcond768744
Node: core-other778334
Node: The optional Block word set779661
Node: block-idef780062
Node: block-ambcond780490
Node: block-other781438
Node: The optional Double Number word set781799
Node: double-ambcond782111
Node: The optional Exception word set782385
Node: exception-idef782702
Node: The optional Facility word set783436
Node: facility-idef783802
Node: facility-ambcond784981
Node: The optional File-Access word set785382
Node: file-idef785759
Node: file-ambcond788146
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set789457
Node: floating-idef789838
Node: floating-ambcond790982
Node: The optional Locals word set794153
Node: locals-idef794524
Node: locals-ambcond795067
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set795570
Node: memory-idef795913
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set796378
Node: programming-idef796782
Node: programming-ambcond797714
Node: The optional Search-Order word set799049
Node: search-idef799395
Node: search-ambcond799773
Node: Standard vs Extensions800539
Node: Model803886
Node: Integrating Gforth804118
Node: Emacs and Gforth807751
Node: Installing gforth.el809647
Node: Emacs Tags810434
Node: Hilighting811343
Node: Auto-Indentation813215
Node: Blocks Files814632
Node: Image Files816024
Node: Image Licensing Issues816813
Node: Image File Background818003
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1822295
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files822411
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files823402
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files824311
Node: gforthmi825185
Node: cross.fs827915
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes828625
Node: Running Image Files829715
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1832656
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence833027
Node: Engine835627
Node: Portability836372
Node: Threading839051
Node: Scheduling840290
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?842092
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions844949
Node: DOES>849732
Node: Primitives850838
Node: Automatic Generation851036
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1854543
Node: TOS Optimization854714
Node: Produced code857415
Node: Performance857834
Node: Cross Compiler863236
Node: Using the Cross Compiler863751
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works868396
Node: MINOS2868577
Node: MINOS2 object framework868768
Node: actor methods869263
Node: widget methods871028
Node: MINOS2 tutorial877687
Node: Bugs878544
Node: Origin879591
Node: Forth-related information882747
Node: Licenses883345
Node: GNU Free Documentation License883631
Node: Copying907651
Node: Word Index945406
Node: Concept Index1109443

End Tag Table


Local Variables:
coding: utf-8
End:
