This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20241127, November 27, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1439
gforth.info-2: 302452
gforth.info-3: 602600
gforth.info-4: 907253

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1439
Node: Goals16790
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118657
Node: Stability Goals18776
Node: Gforth Environment20465
Node: Invoking Gforth21234
Node: Leaving Gforth36401
Node: Help on Gforth36958
Node: Command-line editing37816
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140418
Node: Environment variables40477
Node: Gforth Files42320
Node: Gforth in pipes43167
Node: Startup speed45024
Node: Tutorial46808
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49126
Node: Syntax Tutorial49534
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50432
Node: Stack Tutorial51286
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51964
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-153006
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial53087
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54539
Node: Comments Tutorial56081
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157207
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57276
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58414
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58954
Node: Types Tutorial62160
Node: Factoring Tutorial63980
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65152
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67740
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69158
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70531
Node: General Loops Tutorial73238
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75288
Node: Recursion Tutorial76680
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77697
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78422
Node: Memory Tutorial80290
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83179
Node: Alignment Tutorial84746
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85967
Node: Files Tutorial89546
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92813
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95411
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98534
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100404
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103320
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104704
Node: Literal Tutorial106657
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107548
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109938
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111137
Node: Introduction113938
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter116066
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121286
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121370
Node: Your first definition130590
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134144
Node: How does that work?134308
Node: Forth is written in Forth143673
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145420
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145510
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145564
Node: Where to go next147460
Node: Exercises149212
Node: Literals in source code149520
Node: Words156905
Node: Notation157748
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163443
Node: Case insensitivity163537
Node: Comments164242
Node: Boolean Flags165573
Node: Arithmetic166463
Node: Single precision167202
Node: Double precision168430
Node: Mixed precision169893
Node: Integer division170188
Node: Two-stage integer division176756
Node: Bitwise operations182635
Node: Numeric comparison186370
Node: Floating Point189087
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195809
Node: Stack Manipulation196001
Node: Data stack196671
Node: Floating point stack198178
Node: Return stack199062
Node: Locals stack201002
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201296
Node: Memory202566
Node: Memory model203015
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204256
Node: Dictionary allocation204472
Node: Heap Allocation209187
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation211010
Node: Growable memory buffers212333
Node: Memory Access213627
Node: Special Memory Accesses215179
Node: Address arithmetic219731
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1225818
Node: Memory Blocks225864
Node: Strings and Characters227850
Node: Characters228156
Node: String representations229677
Node: String and character literals230992
Node: String words236631
Node: $tring words242986
Node: Counted string words249611
Node: Control Structures251202
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1251911
Node: Selection252024
Node: Simple Loops254979
Node: Counted Loops255710
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1266803
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits266848
Node: General control structures with CASE268878
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1271832
Node: Arbitrary control structures271970
Node: Calls and returns278506
Node: Exception Handling280659
Node: Defining Words292476
Node: CREATE293193
Node: Variables295416
Node: Constants297577
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1300897
Node: Values302452
Node: Varues303864
Node: Colon Definitions304961
Node: Anonymous Definitions308083
Node: Quotations309661
Node: Supplying names310876
Node: User-defined Defining Words311547
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions312315
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1314901
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE315185
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1320104
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2320171
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications320356
Node: CREATE..DOES> details321761
Node: Advanced does> usage example324337
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.328874
Node: User-defined compile-comma335211
Node: Creating from a prototype340066
Node: Making a word current342507
Node: Const-does>343340
Node: Deferred Words344587
Node: Forward348972
Node: Aliases349751
Node: Structures351428
Node: Standard Structures352179
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields357301
Node: Structure Extension363755
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1365504
Node: Gforth structs365572
Node: User-defined Stacks369806
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics371892
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1374976
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2375050
Node: Combined words375275
Ref: state-smartness378103
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1379236
Node: Tokens for Words379451
Node: Execution token379912
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1383744
Node: Name token384073
Node: Compilation token388837
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1390637
Node: Compiling words390862
Node: Literals391580
Node: Macros394828
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1403237
Node: The Text Interpreter403443
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1409638
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2409735
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3409946
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4410104
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5410144
Node: Input Sources410238
Node: Number Conversion412650
Node: Interpret/Compile states415318
Node: Interpreter Directives416203
Node: Recognizers420624
Node: Default Recognizers421473
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers425228
Node: Defining Recognizers432519
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks432690
Node: The Input Stream433237
Node: Word Lists437480
Node: Vocabularies445736
Node: Why use word lists?446983
Node: Word list example449539
Node: Environmental Queries450240
Node: Files458977
Node: Forth source files459541
Node: General files462934
Node: Redirection467194
Node: Directories469236
Node: Search Paths471880
Node: Source Search Paths473794
Node: General Search Paths474732
Node: Blocks476841
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1486923
Node: Other I/O487322
Node: Simple numeric output488051
Node: Formatted numeric output490388
Node: Floating-point output497106
Node: Miscellaneous output501867
Node: Displaying characters and strings504973
Node: Terminal output505678
Node: Single-key input508356
Node: Line input and conversion515148
Node: Pipes518781
Node: Xchars and Unicode519767
Node: i18n and l10n525814
Node: Substitute529126
Node: CSV reading and writing531470
Node: OS command line arguments532707
Node: Locals534972
Node: Gforth locals535715
Node: Locals definition words540692
Node: Where are locals visible by name?544812
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1552013
Node: How long do locals live?552112
Node: Locals programming style552974
Node: Locals implementation555686
Node: Closures562256
Node: Standard Forth locals566863
Node: Object-oriented Forth568421
Node: Why object-oriented programming?569164
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology570527
Node: Objects572386
Node: Properties of the Objects model573531
Node: Basic Objects Usage575322
Node: The Objects base class577731
Node: Creating objects578221
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style579023
Node: Class Binding580019
Node: Method conveniences582273
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1584429
Node: Classes and Scoping584627
Node: Dividing classes586099
Node: Object Interfaces587353
Node: Objects Implementation589369
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1594236
Node: Objects Glossary594314
Node: OOF602600
Node: Properties of the OOF model603287
Node: Basic OOF Usage604343
Node: The OOF base class606653
Node: Class Declaration610176
Node: Mini-OOF611244
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage611735
Node: Mini-OOF Example613339
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation614886
Node: Mini-OOF2618950
Node: Comparison with other object models620211
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1623889
Node: Regular Expressions624047
Node: Programming Tools630622
Node: Locating source code definitions631360
Node: Locating uses of a word634605
Node: Locating exception source637163
Node: Examining compiled code637493
Node: Examining data643170
Node: Forgetting words645520
Node: Debugging646867
Node: Assertions650107
Node: Singlestep Debugger653550
Node: Code Coverage655921
Node: Multitasker659021
Node: Pthreads659646
Node: Basic multi-tasking660446
Node: Task-local data665472
Node: Semaphores667290
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking668658
Node: Message queues670188
Node: Cilk672149
Node: C Interface674223
Node: Calling C Functions675387
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1677903
Node: Declaring C Functions678115
Node: Calling C function pointers681746
Node: Defining library interfaces683312
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries686320
Node: Callbacks688534
Node: C interface internals690243
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words691587
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG692324
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth694693
Node: Assembler and Code Words695383
Node: Assembler Definitions696074
Node: Common Assembler703316
Node: Common Disassembler706014
Node: 386 Assembler707709
Node: AMD64 Assembler712160
Node: Alpha Assembler719315
Node: MIPS assembler720280
Node: PowerPC assembler723705
Node: ARM Assembler724717
Node: Other assemblers729656
Node: Carnal words730958
Node: Header fields731352
Node: Header methods734384
Node: Threading Words740784
Node: Passing Commands to the OS745608
Node: Keeping track of Time747266
Node: Miscellaneous Words748677
Node: Error messages749275
Node: Tools752510
Node: Standard Report752814
Node: Stack depth changes754713
Node: Standard conformance756691
Node: The Core Words759595
Node: core-idef759955
Node: core-ambcond768346
Node: core-other777936
Node: The optional Block word set779263
Node: block-idef779664
Node: block-ambcond780092
Node: block-other781040
Node: The optional Double Number word set781401
Node: double-ambcond781713
Node: The optional Exception word set781987
Node: exception-idef782304
Node: The optional Facility word set783038
Node: facility-idef783404
Node: facility-ambcond784583
Node: The optional File-Access word set784984
Node: file-idef785361
Node: file-ambcond787748
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set789059
Node: floating-idef789440
Node: floating-ambcond790584
Node: The optional Locals word set793755
Node: locals-idef794126
Node: locals-ambcond794669
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set795172
Node: memory-idef795515
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set795980
Node: programming-idef796384
Node: programming-ambcond797316
Node: The optional Search-Order word set798651
Node: search-idef798997
Node: search-ambcond799375
Node: Standard vs Extensions800141
Node: Model803488
Node: Integrating Gforth803720
Node: Emacs and Gforth807353
Node: Installing gforth.el809249
Node: Emacs Tags810036
Node: Hilighting810945
Node: Auto-Indentation812817
Node: Blocks Files814234
Node: Image Files815626
Node: Image Licensing Issues816415
Node: Image File Background817605
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1821897
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files822013
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files823004
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files823913
Node: gforthmi824787
Node: cross.fs827517
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes828227
Node: Running Image Files829317
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1832258
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence832629
Node: Engine835229
Node: Portability835974
Node: Threading838653
Node: Scheduling839892
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?841694
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions844551
Node: DOES>849334
Node: Primitives850440
Node: Automatic Generation850638
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1854145
Node: TOS Optimization854316
Node: Produced code857017
Node: Performance857436
Node: Cross Compiler862838
Node: Using the Cross Compiler863353
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works867998
Node: MINOS2868179
Node: MINOS2 object framework868370
Node: actor methods868865
Node: widget methods870630
Node: MINOS2 tutorial877289
Node: Bugs878146
Node: Origin879193
Node: Forth-related information882349
Node: Licenses882947
Node: GNU Free Documentation License883233
Node: Copying907253
Node: Word Index945008
Node: Concept Index1108823

End Tag Table


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