This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20241023, October 23, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1438
gforth.info-2: 302323
gforth.info-3: 602559
gforth.info-4: 908270

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1438
Node: Goals16788
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118655
Node: Stability Goals18774
Node: Gforth Environment20463
Node: Invoking Gforth21232
Node: Leaving Gforth36273
Node: Help on Gforth36830
Node: Command-line editing37688
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140290
Node: Environment variables40349
Node: Gforth Files42192
Node: Gforth in pipes43039
Node: Startup speed44896
Node: Tutorial46680
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial48998
Node: Syntax Tutorial49406
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50304
Node: Stack Tutorial51158
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51836
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-152878
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial52959
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54411
Node: Comments Tutorial55953
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157079
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57148
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58286
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58826
Node: Types Tutorial62032
Node: Factoring Tutorial63852
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65024
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67612
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69030
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70403
Node: General Loops Tutorial73110
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75160
Node: Recursion Tutorial76552
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77569
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78294
Node: Memory Tutorial80162
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83051
Node: Alignment Tutorial84618
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85839
Node: Files Tutorial89418
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92685
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95283
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98406
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100276
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103192
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104576
Node: Literal Tutorial106529
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107420
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109810
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111009
Node: Introduction113810
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter115938
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121158
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121242
Node: Your first definition130462
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134016
Node: How does that work?134180
Node: Forth is written in Forth143545
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145292
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145382
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145436
Node: Where to go next147332
Node: Exercises149084
Node: Literals in source code149392
Node: Words156777
Node: Notation157620
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163315
Node: Case insensitivity163409
Node: Comments164114
Node: Boolean Flags165445
Node: Arithmetic166335
Node: Single precision167074
Node: Double precision168302
Node: Mixed precision169765
Node: Integer division170060
Node: Two-stage integer division176628
Node: Bitwise operations182507
Node: Numeric comparison186242
Node: Floating Point188959
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195681
Node: Stack Manipulation195873
Node: Data stack196543
Node: Floating point stack198050
Node: Return stack198934
Node: Locals stack200874
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201168
Node: Memory202438
Node: Memory model202887
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204128
Node: Dictionary allocation204344
Node: Heap Allocation209059
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation210882
Node: Growable memory buffers212205
Node: Memory Access213499
Node: Special Memory Accesses215051
Node: Address arithmetic219603
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1225690
Node: Memory Blocks225736
Node: Strings and Characters227722
Node: Characters228028
Node: String representations229549
Node: String and character literals230864
Node: String words236503
Node: $tring words242858
Node: Counted string words249483
Node: Control Structures251074
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1251783
Node: Selection251896
Node: Simple Loops254851
Node: Counted Loops255582
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1266675
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits266720
Node: General control structures with CASE268750
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1271704
Node: Arbitrary control structures271842
Node: Calls and returns278378
Node: Exception Handling280531
Node: Defining Words292348
Node: CREATE293065
Node: Variables295288
Node: Constants297449
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1300769
Node: Values302323
Node: Varues303735
Node: Colon Definitions304832
Node: Anonymous Definitions307954
Node: Quotations309532
Node: Supplying names310747
Node: User-defined Defining Words311418
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions312186
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1314772
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE315056
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1319975
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2320042
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications320227
Node: CREATE..DOES> details321632
Node: Advanced does> usage example324208
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.328745
Node: User-defined compile-comma335082
Node: Creating from a prototype339937
Node: Making a word current342378
Node: Const-does>343211
Node: Deferred Words344458
Node: Forward348843
Node: Aliases349622
Node: Structures351299
Node: Standard Structures352050
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields357172
Node: Structure Extension363626
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1365375
Node: Gforth structs365443
Node: User-defined Stacks369677
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics371763
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1374847
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2374921
Node: Combined words375146
Ref: state-smartness377974
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1379107
Node: Tokens for Words379322
Node: Execution token379783
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1383615
Node: Name token383944
Node: Compilation token388708
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1390508
Node: Compiling words390733
Node: Literals391451
Node: Macros394699
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1403108
Node: The Text Interpreter403314
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1409509
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2409606
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3409817
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4409975
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5410015
Node: Input Sources410109
Node: Number Conversion412521
Node: Interpret/Compile states415189
Node: Interpreter Directives416074
Node: Recognizers420495
Node: Default Recognizers421344
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers425099
Node: Defining Recognizers432390
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks432561
Node: The Input Stream433108
Node: Word Lists437351
Node: Vocabularies445607
Node: Why use word lists?446854
Node: Word list example449410
Node: Environmental Queries450111
Node: Files458848
Node: Forth source files459412
Node: General files462805
Node: Redirection467065
Node: Directories469107
Node: Search Paths471751
Node: Source Search Paths473665
Node: General Search Paths474603
Node: Blocks476712
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1486794
Node: Other I/O487193
Node: Simple numeric output487922
Node: Formatted numeric output490259
Node: Floating-point output496977
Node: Miscellaneous output501738
Node: Displaying characters and strings504844
Node: Terminal output505549
Node: Single-key input508227
Node: Line input and conversion515019
Node: Pipes518652
Node: Xchars and Unicode519638
Node: i18n and l10n525685
Node: Substitute528997
Node: CSV reading and writing531341
Node: OS command line arguments532578
Node: Locals534843
Node: Gforth locals535586
Node: Locals definition words540563
Node: Where are locals visible by name?544763
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1551964
Node: How long do locals live?552063
Node: Locals programming style552925
Node: Locals implementation555637
Node: Closures562207
Node: Standard Forth locals566823
Node: Object-oriented Forth568381
Node: Why object-oriented programming?569124
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology570487
Node: Objects572346
Node: Properties of the Objects model573491
Node: Basic Objects Usage575282
Node: The Objects base class577691
Node: Creating objects578181
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style578983
Node: Class Binding579979
Node: Method conveniences582233
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1584389
Node: Classes and Scoping584587
Node: Dividing classes586059
Node: Object Interfaces587313
Node: Objects Implementation589329
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1594196
Node: Objects Glossary594274
Node: OOF602559
Node: Properties of the OOF model603246
Node: Basic OOF Usage604302
Node: The OOF base class606612
Node: Class Declaration610135
Node: Mini-OOF611203
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage611694
Node: Mini-OOF Example613298
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation614845
Node: Mini-OOF2618909
Node: Comparison with other object models620170
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1623848
Node: Regular Expressions624006
Node: Programming Tools630581
Node: Locating source code definitions631319
Node: Locating uses of a word634564
Node: Locating exception source637122
Node: Examining compiled code637452
Node: Examining data643129
Node: Forgetting words645479
Node: Debugging646826
Node: Assertions650066
Node: Singlestep Debugger653509
Node: Code Coverage655880
Node: Multitasker658980
Node: Pthreads659605
Node: Basic multi-tasking660405
Node: Task-local data665431
Node: Semaphores667249
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking668617
Node: Message queues670147
Node: Cilk672108
Node: C Interface674182
Node: Calling C Functions675346
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1677862
Node: Declaring C Functions678074
Node: Calling C function pointers681705
Node: Defining library interfaces683271
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries686279
Node: Callbacks688493
Node: C interface internals690202
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words691546
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG692283
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth694652
Node: Assembler and Code Words695342
Node: Assembler Definitions696033
Node: Common Assembler703275
Node: Common Disassembler705973
Node: 386 Assembler707668
Node: AMD64 Assembler712119
Node: Alpha Assembler719274
Node: MIPS assembler720239
Node: PowerPC assembler723664
Node: ARM Assembler724676
Node: Other assemblers729615
Node: Carnal words730917
Node: Header fields731311
Node: Header methods734343
Node: Threading Words740743
Node: Passing Commands to the OS746626
Node: Keeping track of Time748284
Node: Miscellaneous Words749695
Node: Error messages750293
Node: Tools753528
Node: Standard Report753832
Node: Stack depth changes755731
Node: Standard conformance757709
Node: The Core Words760613
Node: core-idef760973
Node: core-ambcond769364
Node: core-other778954
Node: The optional Block word set780281
Node: block-idef780682
Node: block-ambcond781110
Node: block-other782058
Node: The optional Double Number word set782419
Node: double-ambcond782731
Node: The optional Exception word set783005
Node: exception-idef783322
Node: The optional Facility word set784056
Node: facility-idef784422
Node: facility-ambcond785601
Node: The optional File-Access word set786002
Node: file-idef786379
Node: file-ambcond788766
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set790077
Node: floating-idef790458
Node: floating-ambcond791602
Node: The optional Locals word set794773
Node: locals-idef795144
Node: locals-ambcond795687
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set796190
Node: memory-idef796533
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set796998
Node: programming-idef797402
Node: programming-ambcond798334
Node: The optional Search-Order word set799669
Node: search-idef800015
Node: search-ambcond800393
Node: Standard vs Extensions801159
Node: Model804506
Node: Integrating Gforth804738
Node: Emacs and Gforth808371
Node: Installing gforth.el810267
Node: Emacs Tags811054
Node: Hilighting811963
Node: Auto-Indentation813835
Node: Blocks Files815252
Node: Image Files816644
Node: Image Licensing Issues817433
Node: Image File Background818623
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1822915
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files823031
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files824022
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files824931
Node: gforthmi825805
Node: cross.fs828535
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes829245
Node: Running Image Files830335
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1833276
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence833647
Node: Engine836247
Node: Portability836992
Node: Threading839671
Node: Scheduling840910
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?842712
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions845569
Node: DOES>850352
Node: Primitives851458
Node: Automatic Generation851656
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1855163
Node: TOS Optimization855334
Node: Produced code858035
Node: Performance858454
Node: Cross Compiler863856
Node: Using the Cross Compiler864371
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works869016
Node: MINOS2869197
Node: MINOS2 object framework869388
Node: actor methods869883
Node: widget methods871648
Node: MINOS2 tutorial878307
Node: Bugs879164
Node: Origin880211
Node: Forth-related information883367
Node: Licenses883965
Node: GNU Free Documentation License884251
Node: Copying908270
Node: Word Index946025
Node: Concept Index1110580

End Tag Table


Local Variables:
coding: utf-8
End:
