This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20240815, August 15, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni Copyright © 1995,
1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
2011, 2012, 2013, 2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1382
gforth.info-2: 305966
gforth.info-3: 604682
gforth.info-4: 918630

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1382
Node: Goals16669
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118244
Node: Stability Goals18363
Node: Gforth Environment19635
Node: Invoking Gforth20404
Node: Leaving Gforth30184
Node: Help on Gforth30676
Node: Command-line editing31601
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-134203
Node: Environment variables34262
Node: Gforth Files36105
Node: Gforth in pipes36952
Node: Startup speed38809
Node: Tutorial42245
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial44563
Node: Syntax Tutorial44971
Node: Crash Course Tutorial45869
Node: Stack Tutorial46723
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial47401
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-148443
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial48524
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial49976
Node: Comments Tutorial51518
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-152644
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial52713
Node: Decompilation Tutorial53851
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial54391
Node: Types Tutorial57597
Node: Factoring Tutorial59417
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial60589
Node: Local Variables Tutorial63177
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial64595
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial65968
Node: General Loops Tutorial68675
Node: Counted loops Tutorial70725
Node: Recursion Tutorial72117
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial73134
Node: Return Stack Tutorial73859
Node: Memory Tutorial75727
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial78616
Node: Alignment Tutorial80183
Node: Floating Point Tutorial81404
Node: Files Tutorial84983
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial88250
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial90848
Node: Exceptions Tutorial93971
Node: Defining Words Tutorial95841
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial98757
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial100141
Node: Literal Tutorial102094
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial102985
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial105375
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial106574
Node: Introduction109375
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter111503
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1116723
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation116807
Node: Your first definition126027
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1129581
Node: How does that work?129745
Node: Forth is written in Forth139110
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1140857
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2140947
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system141001
Node: Where to go next142897
Node: Exercises144649
Node: Literals in source code144957
Node: Words151255
Node: Notation152074
Node: Case insensitivity156357
Node: Comments157689
Node: Boolean Flags158911
Node: Arithmetic159801
Node: Single precision160812
Node: Double precision161959
Node: Mixed precision163279
Node: Integer division163574
Node: Two-stage integer division169713
Node: Bitwise operations175042
Node: Numeric comparison178743
Node: Floating Point181367
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1187590
Node: Stack Manipulation187782
Node: Data stack188452
Node: Floating point stack189952
Node: Return stack190836
Node: Locals stack192220
Node: Stack pointer manipulation192512
Node: Memory193664
Node: Memory model194113
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1195336
Node: Dictionary allocation195552
Node: Heap Allocation199601
Node: Memory Access203028
Node: Special Memory Accesses204580
Node: Address arithmetic209110
Node: Memory Blocks214814
Node: Strings and Characters217379
Node: Characters217685
Node: String representations219206
Node: String and character literals220521
Node: String words224850
Node: $tring words229657
Node: Counted string words236517
Node: Control Structures237756
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1238465
Node: Selection238578
Node: Simple Loops241533
Node: Counted Loops242264
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1253245
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits253290
Node: General control structures with CASE255320
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1258274
Node: Arbitrary control structures258412
Node: Calls and returns264948
Node: Exception Handling267101
Node: Defining Words278113
Node: CREATE278860
Node: Variables281083
Node: Constants283244
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1286564
Node: Values286680
Node: Varues288092
Node: Colon Definitions289189
Node: Anonymous Definitions292311
Node: Quotations293889
Node: Supplying names295104
Node: User-defined Defining Words295775
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions296543
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1299129
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE299413
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1304332
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2304399
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications305966
Node: CREATE..DOES> details307371
Node: Advanced does> usage example309947
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.314484
Node: User-defined compile-comma320821
Node: Creating from a prototype325676
Node: Making a word current328117
Node: Const-does>328950
Node: Deferred Words330197
Node: Forward334582
Node: Aliases335361
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics337038
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1340117
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2340191
Node: Combined words340416
Ref: state-smartness342025
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1343015
Node: Tokens for Words343230
Node: Execution token343691
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1347523
Node: Name token347852
Node: Compilation token352616
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1354416
Node: Compiling words354641
Node: Literals355359
Node: Macros358607
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1366848
Node: The Text Interpreter367054
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1373249
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2373346
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3373557
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4373715
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5373755
Node: Input Sources373849
Node: Number Conversion376261
Node: Interpret/Compile states378929
Node: Interpreter Directives379814
Node: Recognizers384235
Node: Default Recognizers385084
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers388839
Node: Defining Recognizers394777
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks394948
Node: The Input Stream395495
Node: Word Lists399679
Node: Vocabularies407367
Node: Why use word lists?408614
Node: Word list example411170
Node: Environmental Queries411871
Node: Files420608
Node: Forth source files421172
Node: General files424565
Node: Redirection428825
Node: Directories430867
Node: Search Paths433511
Node: Source Search Paths435425
Node: General Search Paths436363
Node: Blocks438472
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1448554
Node: Other I/O448953
Node: Simple numeric output449707
Node: Formatted numeric output452044
Node: Floating-point output458762
Node: Miscellaneous output463523
Node: Displaying characters and strings466619
Node: Terminal output467324
Node: Single-key input469910
Node: Line input and conversion476702
Node: Pipes480335
Node: Xchars and Unicode481321
Node: i18n and l10n487368
Node: Substitute490680
Node: CSV Reader492796
Node: OS command line arguments493298
Node: Locals495563
Node: Gforth locals496295
Node: Locals definition words501272
Node: Where are locals visible by name?505169
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1512370
Node: How long do locals live?512469
Node: Locals programming style513331
Node: Locals implementation516043
Node: Closures522626
Node: Standard Forth locals527242
Node: Structures528793
Node: Why explicit structure support?529643
Node: Structure Usage532217
Ref: Structure Usage-Footnote-1535197
Node: Structure Naming Convention535481
Node: Structure Implementation536684
Node: Structure Glossary538013
Node: Forth200x Structures540039
Node: Object-oriented Forth542654
Node: Why object-oriented programming?543401
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology544764
Node: Objects546623
Node: Properties of the Objects model547768
Node: Basic Objects Usage549559
Node: The Objects base class551968
Node: Creating objects552458
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style553260
Node: Class Binding554256
Node: Method conveniences556510
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1558666
Node: Classes and Scoping558864
Node: Dividing classes560344
Node: Object Interfaces561598
Node: Objects Implementation563614
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1568481
Node: Objects Glossary568559
Node: OOF575406
Node: Properties of the OOF model576118
Node: Basic OOF Usage577174
Node: The OOF base class579484
Node: Class Declaration583007
Node: Class Implementation584104
Node: Mini-OOF584251
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage584742
Node: Mini-OOF Example586010
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation587557
Node: Mini-OOF2591621
Node: Comparison with other object models592889
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1596567
Node: Regular Expressions596725
Node: Programming Tools604682
Node: Locating source code definitions605420
Node: Locating uses of a word608549
Node: Locating exception source611107
Node: Examining compiled code611437
Node: Examining data617114
Node: Forgetting words619482
Node: Debugging620829
Node: Assertions624069
Node: Singlestep Debugger627512
Node: Code Coverage629883
Node: Multitasker632710
Node: Pthreads633335
Node: Basic multi-tasking634135
Node: Task-local data638288
Node: Semaphores640106
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking641474
Node: Message queues643004
Node: Cilk644946
Node: C Interface647020
Node: Calling C Functions648184
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1650700
Node: Declaring C Functions650912
Node: Calling C function pointers654543
Node: Defining library interfaces656109
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries658879
Node: Callbacks661093
Node: C interface internals662802
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words664146
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG664883
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth667252
Node: Assembler and Code Words667942
Node: Assembler Definitions668633
Node: Common Assembler675875
Node: Common Disassembler678573
Node: 386 Assembler680268
Node: AMD64 Assembler684719
Node: Alpha Assembler691874
Node: MIPS assembler692839
Node: PowerPC assembler696264
Node: ARM Assembler697276
Node: Other assemblers702215
Node: Carnal words703517
Node: Header fields703911
Node: Header methods706943
Node: Threading Words713343
Node: Passing Commands to the OS719226
Node: Keeping track of Time720884
Node: Miscellaneous Words722295
Node: Error messages722893
Node: Tools726128
Node: Standard Report726432
Node: Stack depth changes728331
Node: Standard conformance730309
Node: The Core Words733213
Node: core-idef733573
Node: core-ambcond741958
Node: core-other751548
Node: The optional Block word set752875
Node: block-idef753276
Node: block-ambcond753704
Node: block-other754652
Node: The optional Double Number word set755013
Node: double-ambcond755325
Node: The optional Exception word set755599
Node: exception-idef755916
Node: The optional Facility word set756650
Node: facility-idef757016
Node: facility-ambcond758195
Node: The optional File-Access word set758596
Node: file-idef758973
Node: file-ambcond761360
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set762671
Node: floating-idef763052
Node: floating-ambcond764196
Node: The optional Locals word set767367
Node: locals-idef767738
Node: locals-ambcond768281
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set768784
Node: memory-idef769127
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set769592
Node: programming-idef769996
Node: programming-ambcond770928
Node: The optional Search-Order word set772263
Node: search-idef772609
Node: search-ambcond772987
Node: Standard vs Extensions773753
Node: Model777100
Node: Integrating Gforth777332
Node: Emacs and Gforth780965
Node: Installing gforth.el782861
Node: Emacs Tags783648
Node: Hilighting784557
Node: Auto-Indentation786429
Node: Blocks Files787846
Node: Image Files789238
Node: Image Licensing Issues790027
Node: Image File Background791217
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1795509
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files795625
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files796616
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files797525
Node: gforthmi798399
Node: cross.fs801129
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes801839
Node: Running Image Files802929
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1805870
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence806241
Node: Engine808908
Node: Portability809653
Node: Threading812332
Node: Scheduling813571
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?815373
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions818230
Node: DOES>823013
Node: Primitives824119
Node: Automatic Generation824317
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1827824
Node: TOS Optimization827995
Node: Produced code830696
Node: Performance831115
Node: Cross Compiler836517
Node: Using the Cross Compiler837032
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works841677
Node: MINOS2841858
Node: MINOS2 object framework842049
Node: actor methods842544
Node: widget methods844309
Node: MINOS2 tutorial850968
Node: Bugs851825
Node: Origin852872
Node: Forth-related information856028
Node: Licenses856626
Node: GNU Free Documentation License856912
Node: Copying879493
Node: Word Index918630
Node: Concept Index1074799

End Tag Table


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